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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2001, p. 4293-4304, Vol. 67, No. 9
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.9.4293-4304.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Isolation of Toxigenic Nocardiopsis Strains from Indoor Environments and Description of Two New Nocardiopsis Species, N. exhalans sp. nov. and N. umidischolae sp. nov.

Joanna S. P. Peltola,1,* Maria A. Andersson,1 Peter Kämpfer,2 Georg Auling,3 Reiner M. Kroppenstedt,4 Hans-Jürgen Busse,5 Mirja S. Salkinoja-Salonen,1 and Frederick A. Rainey6

Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland1; Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig Universität, D-35392 Giessen,2 Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover,3 and Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, D-38124 Braunschweig,4 Germany; Institut für Bakteriologie und Tierhygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Vienna, Austria5; and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 708036

Received 4 December 2000/Accepted 17 June 2001

Nocardiopsis strains were isolated from water-damaged indoor environments. Two strains (N. alba subsp. alba 704a and a strain representing a novel species, ES10.1) as well as strains of N. prasina, N. lucentensis, and N. tropica produced methanol-soluble toxins that paralyzed the motility of boar spermatozoa at <30 µg of crude extract (dry weight) ml-1. N. prasina, N. lucentensis, N. tropica, and strain ES10.1 caused cessation of motility by dissipating the mitochondrial membrane potential, Delta psi , of the boar spermatozoa. Indoor strain 704a produced a substance that destroyed cell membrane barrier function and depleted the sperm cells of ATP. Indoor strain 64/93 was antagonistic towards Corynebacterium renale. Two indoor Nocardiopsis strains were xerotolerant, and all five utilized a wide range of substrates. This combined with the production of toxic substances suggests good survival and potential hazard to human health in water-damaged indoor environments. Two new species, Nocardiopsis exhalans sp. nov. (ES10.1T) and Nocardiopsis umidischolae sp. nov. (66/93T), are proposed based on morphology, chemotaxonomic and physiological characters, phylogenetic analysis, and DNA-DNA reassociations.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Helsinki, Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Division of Microbiology, P.O. Box 56 (Biocenter, Viikinkaari 9), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland. Phone: 358-9-19159305. Fax: 358-9-19159322. E-mail: joanna.peltola{at}helsinki.fi.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2001, p. 4293-4304, Vol. 67, No. 9
0099-2240/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/AEM.67.9.4293-4304.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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