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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2002, p. 4956-4964, Vol. 68, No. 10
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.10.4956-4964.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Growth-Dependent Stable Carbon Isotope Fractionation by Basidiomycete Fungi: {delta}13C Pattern and Physiological Process

Matthew R. Henn,1* Gerd Gleixner,2 and Ignacio H. Chapela1

Ecosystem Sciences Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3110,1 Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie, D-07701 Jena, Germany2

Received 16 April 2002/ Accepted 22 July 2002

We grew 11 basidiomycetes in axenic culture to characterize their physiological capacities to fractionate stable C isotopes. Generally, {delta}13C values of the fungal biomass were (i) enriched in 13C relative to the growth medium, (ii) variable among the isolates, and (iii) dependent on the growth rate and growth stage of the fungi. We found a multiphasic dynamic of fractionation for Cryptoporus volvatus and Marasmius androsaceus during various growth stages. The first phase, P1, corresponded to the exponential growth stage and was characterized by an increasing enrichment in 13C content of the fungal biomass relative to the growth medium ranging between 4.6 and 6.9{per thousand}. The second phase, P2, exhibited a continual depletion in 13C of the fungal biomass, with the {delta}13C values of the fungal biomass asymptotically returning to the {delta}13C value of the growth medium at inoculation. The expression of the various fractionation phases was dependent on the amount of low-concentration micronutrients and growth factors added to the growth medium. The onset of P2 occurred at reduced concentrations of these elements. All of the sugars in the growth medium (sucrose, maltose, and glucose) were utilized for growth, indicating that the observed fractionation was not an artifact derived from the preferential use of 13C-rich maltose, which was found at low concentrations in the growth medium. In this study, we establish a framework with which to explore the impact of physiological fractionations by fungal interfaces on natural distributions of stable C isotopes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Ecosystem Sciences Division, Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Hilgard Hall (c/o Dr. Ignacio Chapela), Berkeley, CA 94720-3110. Phone: (510) 643-2952. Fax: (510) 643-5098. E-mail: mh{at}nature.berkeley.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2002, p. 4956-4964, Vol. 68, No. 10
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.10.4956-4964.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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