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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2002, p. 5595-5599, Vol. 68, No. 11
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5595-5599.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Salmonellae in Avian Wildlife in Norway from 1969 to 2000

Thorbjørn Refsum,1* Kjell Handeland,1 Dorte Lau Baggesen,2 Gudmund Holstad,1 and Georg Kapperud3,4

National Veterinary Institute,1 Department of Pharmacology, Microbiology and Food Hygiene, The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, N-0033 Oslo,4 Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway,3 Danish Veterinary Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark2

Received 22 February 2002/ Accepted 14 August 2002

Postmortem records of wild-living birds in Norway with laboratory-confirmed findings of salmonella infection were summarized for the period from 1969 to 2000. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 470 birds belonging to 26 species. The salmonella-positive birds included 441 small passerines, 15 gulls, 5 waterfowl, 4 birds of prey, 3 doves, and 2 crows. The bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula) was by far the most frequently recorded species (54% of the cases). Salmonella enterica serover Typhimurium was recovered from all cases except from one hooded crow (Corvus corone), which yielded serovar Paratyphi-B var. Java. Variant O:4,12 comprised 96% (451 cases) of all serovar Typhimurium isolates, including all the passerines, while variant O:4,5,12 accounted for the remaining 4% (18 cases). The occurrence of salmonellae in small passerines showed a distinct seasonality, with a peak in February and March. Plasmid profile analysis of 346 isolates of serovar Typhimurium O:4,12 detected six profiles, of which two comprised 66 and 28% of the isolates, respectively. Phage typing of 52 randomly selected isolates of serovar Typhimurium O:4,12 from passerines detected four types: DT 40 (54%), U277 (35%), DT 99 (6%), and DT 110 (4%).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Section of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 8156 Dep, N-0033 Oslo, Norway. Phone: 47 23 21 63 22. Fax: 47 23 21 63 01. E-mail: thorbjorn.refsum{at}vetinst.no.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2002, p. 5595-5599, Vol. 68, No. 11
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.11.5595-5599.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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