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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2002, p. 6283-6291, Vol. 68, No. 12
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.12.6283-6291.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Multiple Streptococcus mutans Genes Are Involved in Biofilm Formation{dagger}

Akihiro Yoshida{ddagger} and Howard K. Kuramitsu*

Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214

Received 7 August 2002/ Accepted 25 September 2002

Streptococcus mutans has been strongly implicated as the principal etiological agent in dental caries. One of the important virulence properties of these organisms is their ability to form biofilms known as dental plaque on tooth surfaces. Since the roles of sucrose and glucosyltransferases in S. mutans biofilm formation have been well documented, we focused our attention on sucrose-independent factors. We have initially identified several mutants that appear to be defective in biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces by an insertional inactivation mutagenesis strategy applied to S. mutans. A total of 27 biofilm-defective mutants were isolated and analyzed in this study. From these mutants, three genes were identified. One of the mutants was defective in the Bacillus subtilis lytR homologue. Another of the biofilm-defective mutants isolated was a yulF homologue, which encodes a hypothetical protein of B. subtilis whose function in biofilm formation is unknown. The vast majority of the mutants were defective in the comB gene required for competence. We therefore have constructed and examined comACDE null mutants. These mutants were also found to be attenuated in biofilm formation. Biofilm formation by several other regulatory gene mutants were also characterized using an in vitro biofilm-forming assay. These results suggest that competence genes as well as the sgp and dgk genes may play important roles in S. mutans biofilm formation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York, 3435 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14214. Phone: (716) 829-2068. Fax: (716) 829-3942. E-mail: kuramits{at}buffalo.edu.

{dagger} This article is dedicated to the memory of Toshihiko Kaga.

{ddagger} Present address: Department of Preventive Dentistry, Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2002, p. 6283-6291, Vol. 68, No. 12
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.12.6283-6291.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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