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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2002, p. 1025-1032, Vol. 68, No. 3
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1025-1032.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chlorine Disinfection of Atypical Mycobacteria Isolated from a Water Distribution System

Corinne Le Dantec,1 Jean-Pierre Duguet,2 Antoine Montiel,2 Nadine Dumoutier,3 Sylvie Dubrou,4 and Véronique Vincent1*

Laboratoire de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15,1 Société Anonyme de Gestion des Eaux de Paris, Paris Cedex 14,2 Lyonnaise des Eaux, CIRSEE, 78230 Le Pecq,3 Laboratoire d'Hygiène de la Ville de Paris, 75013 Paris, France4

Received 12 July 2001/ Accepted 28 November 2001

We studied the resistance of various mycobacteria isolated from a water distribution system to chlorine. Chlorine disinfection efficiency is expressed as the coefficient of lethality (liters per minute per milligram) as follows: Mycobacterium fortuitum (0.02) > M. chelonae (0.03) > M. gordonae (0.09) > M. aurum (0.19). For a C · t value (product of the disinfectant concentration and contact time) of 60 mg · min · liter-1, frequently used in water treatment lines, chlorine disinfection inactivates over 4 log units of M. gordonae and 1.5 log units of M. fortuitum or M. chelonae. C · t values determined under similar conditions show that even the most susceptible species, M. aurum and M. gordonae, are 100 and 330 times more resistant to chlorine than Escherichia coli. We also investigated the effects of different parameters (medium, pH, and temperature) on chlorine disinfection in a chlorine-resistant M. gordonae model. Our experimental results follow the Arrhenius equation, allowing the inactivation rate to be predicted at different temperatures. Our results show that M. gordonae is more resistant to chlorine in low-nutrient media, such as those encountered in water, and that an increase in temperature (from 4°C to 25°C) and a decrease in pH result in better inactivation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de Référence des Mycobactéries, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Phone: (33) 1 45 68 83 60. Fax: (33) 1 40 61 31 18. E-mail: vvincent{at}pasteur.fr.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2002, p. 1025-1032, Vol. 68, No. 3
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1025-1032.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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