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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2002, p. 1132-1136, Vol. 68, No. 3
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1132-1136.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Aquatic Budding Bacterium Blastobacter denitrificans Is a Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of Aeschynomene indica

Peter van Berkum1* and Bertrand D. Eardly2

Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705,1 Penn State Berks-Lehigh Valley College, Reading, Pennsylvania 196102

Received 16 July 2001/ Accepted 30 November 2001

Blastobacter spp. are freshwater bacteria that form rosette structures by cellular attachment to a common base. Comparative analyses of ribosomal 16S rRNA gene and internally transcribed spacer region sequences indicated that B. denitrificans is a member of the {alpha}-subdivision of Proteobacteria. Among the {alpha}-Proteobacteria, B. denitrificans was related to a cluster of genera, including Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Afipia felis, Nitrobacter hamburgensis, and Bradyrhizobium spp. Although the precise phylogenetic relationships among these genera could not be established with a high degree of confidence, the sequences of B. denitrificans and several bradyrhizobial isolates from nodules of Aeschynomene indica were almost identical. Bradyrhizobia are bacteria that form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with legumes, including soybeans (Glycine max) and members of the genus Aeschynomene. From symbiotic infectiveness tests we demonstrated that the type strain for B. denitrificans, IFAM 1005, was capable of forming an effective nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with A. indica. Not only do these results reveal a previously unknown ecological adaptation of a relatively obscure aquatic bacterium, but they also demonstrate how evidence gathered from molecular systematic analyses can sometimes provide clues for predicting ecological behavior.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Soybean and Alfalfa Research Laboratory, USDA, ARS, HH-4, Bldg. 010, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Blvd., Beltsville, MD 20705. Phone: (301) 504-7280. Fax: (301) 504-5728. E-mail: pberkum{at}ba.ars.usda.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2002, p. 1132-1136, Vol. 68, No. 3
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.3.1132-1136.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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