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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2002, p. 3416-3423, Vol. 68, No. 7
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.7.3416-3423.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Antibiotic and Biosurfactant Properties of Cyclic Lipopeptides Produced by Fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. from the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere

T. H. Nielsen,^1* D. Sørensen,² C. Tobiasen,¹ J. B. Andersen,³ C. Christophersen,² M. Givskov,³ and J. Sørensen¹

Section of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Ecology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C,¹ Marine Chemistry Section, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen,² Section of Molecular Microbiology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark³

Received 27 December 2001/ Accepted 25 April 2002

Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) with antibiotic and biosurfactant properties are produced by a number of soil bacteria, including fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. To provide new and efficient strains for the biological control of root-pathogenic fungi in agricultural crops, we isolated approximately 600 fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. from two different agricultural soils by using three different growth media. CLP production was observed in a large proportion of the strains (approximately 60%) inhabiting the sandy soil, compared to a low proportion (approximately 6%) in the loamy soil. Chemical structure analysis revealed that all CLPs could be clustered into two major groups, each consisting of four subgroups. The two major groups varied primarily in the number of amino acids in the cyclic peptide moiety, while each of the subgroups could be differentiated by substitutions of specific amino acids in the peptide moiety. Production of specific CLPs could be affiliated with Pseudomonas fluorescens strain groups belonging to biotype I, V, or VI. In vitro analysis using both purified CLPs and whole-cell P. fluorescens preparations demonstrated that all CLPs exhibited strong biosurfactant properties and that some also had antibiotic properties towards root-pathogenic microfungi. The CLP-producing P. fluorescens strains provide a useful resource for selection of biological control agents, whether a single strain or a consortium of strains was used to maximize the synergistic effect of multiple antagonistic traits in the inoculum.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Section of Genetics and Microbiology, Dept. of Ecology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Phone: 45 35 28 26 27. Fax: 45 35 28 26 06. E-mail: thn{at}kvl.dk.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2002, p. 3416-3423, Vol. 68, No. 7
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.7.3416-3423.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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