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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2002, p. 3802-3808, Vol. 68, No. 8
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.8.3802-3808.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Factors Controlling Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation with Nitrite in Marine Sediments

Tage Dalsgaard1* and Bo Thamdrup2

Department of Marine Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, DK-8600 Silkeborg,1 Danish Center for Earth System Science, Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark2

Received 27 February 2002/ Accepted 16 May 2002

Factors controlling the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium with nitrate and nitrite were explored in a marine sediment from the Skagerrak in the Baltic-North Sea transition. In anoxic incubations with the addition of nitrite, approximately 65% of the nitrogen gas formation was due to anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite, with the remainder being produced by denitrification. Anaerobic ammonium oxidation with nitrite exhibited a biological temperature response, with a rate optimum at 15°C and a maximum temperature of 37°C. The biological nature of the process and a 1:1 stoichiometry for the reaction between nitrite and ammonium indicated that the transformations might be attributed to the anammox process. Attempts to find other anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing processes in this sediment failed. The apparent Km of nitrite consumption was less than 3 µM, and the relative importance of ammonium oxidation with nitrite and denitrification for the production of nitrogen gas was independent of nitrite concentration. Thus, the quantitative importance of ammonium oxidation with nitrite in the jar incubations at elevated nitrite concentrations probably represents the in situ situation. With the addition of nitrate, the production of nitrite from nitrate was four times faster than its consumption and therefore did not limit the rate of ammonium oxidation. Accordingly, the rate of this process was the same whether nitrate or nitrite was added as electron acceptor. The addition of organic matter did not stimulate denitrification, possibly because it was outcompeted by manganese reduction or because transport limitation was removed due to homogenization of the sediment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Marine Ecology, National Environmental Research Institute, Vejlsøvej 25, P.O. Box 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark. Phone: 45 89 20 14 00. Fax: 45 89 20 14 14. E-mail: tda{at}dmu.dk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2002, p. 3802-3808, Vol. 68, No. 8
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.8.3802-3808.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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