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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2002, p. 4364-4369, Vol. 68, No. 9
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.9.4364-4369.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Exopolysaccharides on Phage-Host Interactions in Lactococcus lactis

Hélène Deveau,1 Marie-Rose Van Calsteren,2 and Sylvain Moineau1*

Département de Biochimie et de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4,1 Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 8E32

Received 29 January 2002/ Accepted 25 June 2002

In this study, we report that Lactococcus lactis strains producing exopolysaccharides (EPS) are sensitive to virulent phages. Eight distinct lytic phages (Q61 to Q68) specifically infecting Eps+ strains were isolated in 47 buttermilk samples obtained from 13 North American factories. The eight phages were classified within the 936 species by the multiplex PCR method, indicating that these phages are not fundamentally distinct from those infecting Eps- L. lactis strains. The host range of these phages was determined with 19 Lactococcus strains, including 7 Eps+ and 12 Eps- cultures. Three phages (Q62, Q63, and Q64) attacked only the Eps+ strain SMQ-419, whereas the five other phages (Q61, Q65, Q66, Q67, and Q68) infected only the Eps+ strain SMQ-420. The five other Eps+ strains (H414, MLT2, MLT3, SMQ-461, and SMQ-575) as well as the 12 Eps- strains were insensitive to these phages. The monosaccharide composition of the polymer produced by the seven Eps+ strains was determined. The EPS produced by strains MLT3, SMQ-419, and SMQ-575 contained glucose, galactose, and rhamnose. The EPS fabricated by H414 contained only galactose. The EPS made by MLT2, SMQ-420, and SMQ-461 contained glucose and galactose. These findings indicate that the sugar composition of the EPS has no effect on phage sensitivity. The plasmid encoding the eps operon was cured from the two phage-sensitive strains. The cured derivatives were still phage sensitive, which indicates that EPS are not necessary for phage infection. Phage adsorption assays showed that the production of EPS does not confer a significant phage resistance phenotype.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4. Phone: 418-656-3712. Fax: 418-656-2861. E-mail: Sylvain.Moineau{at}bcm.ulaval.ca.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2002, p. 4364-4369, Vol. 68, No. 9
0099-2240/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.68.9.4364-4369.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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