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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2003, p. 6923-6931, Vol. 69, No. 11
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6923-6931.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Growth of Vibrio cholerae O1 in Red Tide Waters off California

Rosa R. Mouriño-Pérez,{dagger} Alexandra Z. Worden, and Farooq Azam*

Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202

Received 14 May 2003/ Accepted 25 August 2003

Vibrio cholerae serotype O1 is autochthonous to estuarine and coastal waters. However, its population dynamics in such environments are not well understood. We tested the proliferation of V. cholerae N16961 during a Lingulodinium polyedrum bloom, as well as other seawater conditions. Microcosms containing 100-kDa-filtered seawater were inoculated with V. cholerae or the 0.6-µm-pore-size filterable fraction of seawater assemblages. These cultures were diluted 10-fold with fresh 100-kDa-filtered seawater every 48 h for four cycles. Growth rates ranged from 0.3 to 14.3 day-1 (4.2 day-1 ± 3.9) for V. cholerae and 0.1 to 9.7 day-1 (2.2 ± 2.8 day-1) for bacterial assemblage. Our results suggest that dissolved organic matter during intense phytoplankton blooms has the potential to support explosive growth of V. cholerae in seawater. Under the conditions tested, free-living V. cholerae was able to reach concentrations per milliliter that were up to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the known minimum infectious dose (104 cell ml-1) and remained viable under many conditions. If applicable to the complex conditions in marine ecosystems, our results suggest an important role of the growth of free-living V. cholerae in disease propagation and prevention during phytoplankton blooms.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 4200 Hubbs Hall, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202. Phone: (858) 534-6850. Fax: (858) 534-7313. E-mail: fazam{at}ucsd.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y de Educacion Superior de Ensenada, 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2003, p. 6923-6931, Vol. 69, No. 11
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.11.6923-6931.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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