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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2003, p. 7145-7152, Vol. 69, No. 12
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.12.7145-7152.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification and Characterization of Benzimidazole Resistance in Monilinia fructicola from Stone Fruit Orchards in California

Zhonghua Ma, Michael A. Yoshimura, and Themis J. Michailides*

Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, California 93648

Received 1 May 2003/ Accepted 4 September 2003

Low and high levels of resistance to the benzimidazole fungicides benomyl and thiophanate-methyl were observed in field isolates of Monilinia fructicola, which is the causative agent of brown rot of stone fruit. Isolates that had low levels of resistance (hereafter referred to as LR isolates) and high levels of resistance (hereafter referred to as HR isolates) were also cold and heat sensitive, respectively. Results from microsatellite DNA fingerprints showed that genetic identities among the populations of sensitive (S), LR, and HR isolates were very high (>0.96). Analysis of DNA sequences of the ß-tubulin gene showed that the LR isolates had a point mutation at codon 6, causing a replacement of the amino acid histidine by tyrosine. Codon 198, which encodes a glutamic acid in S and LR isolates, was converted to a codon for alanine in HR isolates. Based on these point mutations in the ß-tubulin gene, allele-specific PCR assays were developed for rapid detection of benzimidazole-resistant isolates of M. fructicola from stone fruit.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Plant Pathology, University of California—Davis, Kearney Agricultural Center, Parlier, CA 93648. Phone: (559) 646-6546. Fax: (559) 646-6593. E-mail: themis{at}uckac.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, December 2003, p. 7145-7152, Vol. 69, No. 12
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.12.7145-7152.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Luo, C.-X., Schnabel, G. (2008). The Cytochrome P450 Lanosterol 14{alpha}-Demethylase Gene Is a Demethylation Inhibitor Fungicide Resistance Determinant in Monilinia fructicola Field Isolates from Georgia. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 359-366 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Reimann, S., Deising, H. B. (2005). Inhibition of Efflux Transporter-Mediated Fungicide Resistance in Pyrenophora tritici-repentis by a Derivative of 4'-Hydroxyflavone and Enhancement of Fungicide Activity. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 3269-3275 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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