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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2003, p. 852-860, Vol. 69, No. 2
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.2.852-860.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Bacterial Population Changes in a Membrane Bioreactor for Graywater Treatment Monitored by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoretic Analysis of 16S rRNA Gene Fragments

David M. Stamper,* Marianne Walch,{dagger} and Rachel N. Jacobs

Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, Maryland 20817

Received 14 May 2002/ Accepted 21 November 2002

The bacterial population of a graywater treatment system was monitored over the course of 100 days, along with several wastewater biochemical parameters. The graywater treatment system employed an 1,800-liter membrane bioreactor (MBR) to process the waste, with essentially 100% recycling of the biomass. Graywater feed consisting of 10% galley water and 90% laundry water, selected to approximate the graywater composition on board U.S. Navy ships, was collected offsite. Five-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), oils and greases (O/G), nitrogen, and phosphorus were monitored in the feed and were found to vary greatly day to day. Changes in the bacterial population were monitored by PCR amplification of region 332 to 518 (Escherichia coli numbering) of the 16S rRNA gene and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the resultant PCR products. DGGE analysis indicated a diverse and unstable bacterial population throughout the 100-day period, with spikes in feed strength causing significant changes in community structure. Long-term similarity between the communities was 0 to 25%, depending on the method of analysis. In spite of the unstable bacterial population, the MBR system was able to meet effluent quality parameters approximately 90% of the time.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD 20817. Phone: (301) 227-0329. Fax: (301) 227-5480. E-mail: StamperDM{at}nswccd.navy.mil.

{dagger} Present address: Delaware Dept. of Transportation, NPDES Program, Dover, DE 19903.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2003, p. 852-860, Vol. 69, No. 2
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.2.852-860.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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