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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2003, p. 861-868, Vol. 69, No. 2
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.2.861-868.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Production of Cyclic Lipopeptides by Pseudomonas fluorescens Strains in Bulk Soil and in the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere

Tommy Harder Nielsen* and Jan Sørensen

Section of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Ecology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark

Received 20 May 2002/ Accepted 2 November 2002

The production of cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) with antifungal and biosurfactant properties by Pseudomonas fluorescens strains was investigated in bulk soil and in the sugar beet rhizosphere. Purified CLPs (viscosinamide, tensin, and amphisin) were first shown to remain highly stable and extractable (90%) when applied (ca. 5 µg g-1) to sterile soil, whereas all three compounds were degraded over 1 to 3 weeks in nonsterile soil. When a whole-cell inoculum of P. fluorescens strain DR54 containing a cell-bound pool of viscosinamide was added to the nonsterile soil, declining CLP concentrations were observed over a week. By comparison, addition of the strains 96.578 and DSS73 without cell-bound CLP pools did not result in detectable tensin or amphisin in the soil. In contrast, when sugar beet seeds were coated with the CLP-producing strains and subsequently germinated in nonsterile soil, strain DR54 maintained a high and constant viscosinamide level in the young rhizosphere for ~2 days while strains 96.578 and DSS73 exhibited significant production (net accumulation) of tensin or amphisin, reaching a maximum level after 2 days. All three CLPs remained detectable for several days in the rhizosphere. Subsequent tests of five other CLP-producing P. fluorescens strains also demonstrated significant production in the young rhizosphere. The results thus provide evidence that production of different CLPs is a common trait among many P. fluorescens strains in the soil environment, and further, that the production is taking place only in specific habitats like the rhizosphere of germinating sugar beet seeds rather than in the bulk soil.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Section of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Ecology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Phone: 45 35 28 26 27. Fax: 45 35 28 26 06. E-mail: thn{at}kvl.dk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2003, p. 861-868, Vol. 69, No. 2
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.2.861-868.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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