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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2003, p. 1521-1526, Vol. 69, No. 3
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.3.1521-1526.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Seasonal Abundance of Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Alabama Oysters

Angelo DePaola,1* Jessica L. Nordstrom,1 John C. Bowers,2 Joy G. Wells,3 and David W. Cook1

Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528,1 Division of Mathematics and Statistics, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland 20740,2 Foodborne Diseases Laboratory Section, Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303333

Received 26 June 2002/ Accepted 29 November 2002

Recent Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks associated with consumption of raw shellfish in the United States focused attention on the occurrence of this organism in shellfish. From March 1999 through September 2000, paired oyster samples were collected biweekly from two shellfish-growing areas in Mobile Bay, Ala. The presence and densities of V. parahaemolyticus were determined by using DNA probes targeting the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) genes for confirmation of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in all samples with densities ranging from <10 to 12,000 g-1. Higher V. parahaemolyticus densities were associated with higher water temperatures. Pathogenic strains were detected in 34 (21.8%) of 156 samples by direct plating or enrichment. Forty-six of 6,018 and 31 of 6,992 V. parahaemolyticus isolates from enrichments and direct plates, respectively, hybridized with the tdh probe. There was an apparent inverse relationship between water temperature and the prevalence of pathogenic strains. Pathogenic strains were of diverse serotypes, and 97% produced urease and possessed a tdh-related hemolysin (trh) gene. The O3:K6 serotype associated with pandemic spread and recent outbreaks in the United States was not detected. The efficient screening of numerous isolates by colony lift and DNA probe procedures may account for the higher prevalence of samples with tdh+ V. parahaemolyticus than previously reported.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158. Phone: (251) 694-4480, ext. 230. Fax: (251) 694-4477. E-mail: adepaola{at}cfsan.fda.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2003, p. 1521-1526, Vol. 69, No. 3
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.3.1521-1526.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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