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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2003, p. 2664-2673, Vol. 69, No. 5
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2664-2673.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Large-Scale Spatial Distribution of Virioplankton in the Adriatic Sea: Testing the Trophic State Control Hypothesis

C. Corinaldesi,1 E. Crevatin,2 P. Del Negro,2 M. Marini,3 A. Russo,1 S. Fonda-Umani,2 and R. Danovaro1*

Department of Marine Science, University of Ancona, 60131 Ancona,1 Laboratory of Marine Biology, University of Trieste, 34010 Trieste,2 I.R.PE.M.-C.N.R. Istituto di Ricerche sulla Pesca Marittima, 60125, Ancona, Italy3

Received 9 September 2002/ Accepted 12 February 2003

Little is known concerning environmental factors that may control the distribution of virioplankton on large spatial scales. In previous studies workers reported high viral levels in eutrophic systems and suggested that the trophic state is a possible driving force controlling the spatial distribution of viruses. In order to test this hypothesis, we determined the distribution of viral abundance and bacterial abundance and the virus-to-bacterium ratio in a wide area covering the entire Adriatic basin (Mediterranean Sea). To gather additional information on factors controlling viral distribution on a large scale, functional microbial parameters (exoenzymatic activities, bacterial production and turnover) were related to trophic gradients. At large spatial scales, viral distribution was independent of autotrophic biomass and all other environmental parameters. We concluded that in contrast to what was previously hypothesized, changing trophic conditions do not directly affect virioplankton distribution. Since virus distribution was coupled with bacterial turnover times, our results suggest that viral abundance depends on bacterial activity and on host cell abundance.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Marine Science, University of Ancona, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy. Phone: 39 071 2204747. Fax: 39 071 2204650. E-mail: danovaro{at}unian.it.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2003, p. 2664-2673, Vol. 69, No. 5
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.5.2664-2673.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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