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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2003, p. 3676-3680, Vol. 69, No. 6
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.6.3676-3680.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Direct Detection of Vibrio cholerae and ctxA in Peruvian Coastal Water and Plankton by PCR

Erin K. Lipp,1,{dagger} Irma N. G. Rivera,2 Ana I. Gil,3 Eric M. Espeland,1 Nipa Choopun,1 Valérie R. Louis,1 Estelle Russek-Cohen,4 Anwar Huq,1,5 and Rita R. Colwell1,5*

Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21202,1 Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil,2 Instituto de Investigacion Nutricional, La Molina Lima 18, Peru,3 Department of Animal and Avian Sciences,4 Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 207425

Received 18 November 2002/ Accepted 20 March 2003

Seawater and plankton samples were collected over a period of 17 months from November 1998 to March 2000 along the coast of Peru. Total DNA was extracted from water and from plankton grouped by size into two fractions (64 µm to 202 µm and >202 µm). All samples were assayed for Vibrio cholerae, V. cholerae O1, V. cholerae O139, and ctxA by PCR. Of 50 samples collected and tested, 33 (66.0%) were positive for V. cholerae in at least one of the three fractions. Of these, 62.5% (n = 32) contained V. cholerae O1; ctxA was detected in 25% (n = 20) of the V. cholerae O1-positive samples. None were positive for V. cholerae O139. Thus, PCR was successfully employed in detecting toxigenic V. cholerae directly in seawater and plankton samples and provides evidence for an environmental reservoir for this pathogen in Peruvian coastal waters.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 East Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202. Phone: (703) 292-8000. Fax: (703) 292-9232. E-mail: colwell{at}umbi.umd.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2003, p. 3676-3680, Vol. 69, No. 6
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.6.3676-3680.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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