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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2003, p. 3999-4005, Vol. 69, No. 7
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.7.3999-4005.2003

Molecular, Serological, and Virulence Characteristics of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Environmental, Food, and Clinical Sources in North America and Asia

Angelo DePaola,1* Jodie Ulaszek,2,{dagger} Charles A. Kaysner,3 Bradley J. Tenge,3 Jessica L. Nordstrom,1 Joy Wells,4 Nancy Puhr,4 and Steven M. Gendel2

Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528,1 National Center for Food Safety and Technology, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Summit-Argo, Illinois 60501,2 Seafood Products Research Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, Washington 98021,3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303334

Received 25 October 2002/ Accepted 25 April 2003

Potential virulence attributes, serotypes, and ribotypes were determined for 178 pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates from clinical, environmental, and food sources on the Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf Coasts of the United States and from clinical sources in Asia. The food and environmental isolates were generally from oysters, and they were defined as being pathogenic by using DNA probes to detect the presence of the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) gene. The clinical isolates from the United States were generally associated with oyster consumption, and most were obtained from outbreaks in Washington, Texas, and New York. Multiplex PCR was used to confirm the species identification and the presence of tdh and to test for the tdh-related hemolysin trh. Most of the environmental, food, and clinical isolates from the United States were positive for tdh, trh, and urease production. Outbreak-associated isolates from Texas, New York, and Asia were predominantly serotype O3:K6 and possessed only tdh. A total of 27 serotypes and 28 ribogroups were identified among the isolates, but the patterns of strain distribution differed between the serotypes and ribogroups. All but one of the O3:K6 isolates from Texas were in a different ribogroup from the O3:K6 isolates from New York or Asia. The O3:K6 serotype was not detected in any of the environmental and food isolates from the United States, and none of the food or environmental isolates belonged to any of the three ribogroups that contained all of the O3:K6 and related clinical isolates. The combination of serotyping and ribotyping showed that the Pacific Coast V. parahaemolyticus population appeared to be distinct from that of either the Atlantic Coast or Gulf Coast. The fact that certain serotypes and ribotypes contained both clinical and environmental isolates while many others contained only environmental isolates implies that certain serotypes or ribotypes are more relevant for human disease.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158. Phone: (251) 694-4480, ext. 230. Fax: (251) 694-4477. E-mail: adepaola{at}cfsan.fda.gov.

{dagger} Present address: Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2003, p. 3999-4005, Vol. 69, No. 7
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.7.3999-4005.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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