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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2003, p. 4006-4011, Vol. 69, No. 7
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.7.4006-4011.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Analysis of Vibrio vulnificus from Market Oysters and Septicemia Cases for Virulence Markers

Angelo DePaola,1* Jessica L. Nordstrom,1 Anders Dalsgaard,2 Anita Forslund,2 James Oliver,3 Tonya Bates,3 Keri L. Bourdage,4 and Paul A. Gulig4

Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, Alabama 36528,1 Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, DK-1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark,2 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28223,3 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 326104

Received 9 December 2002/ Accepted 28 April 2003

Representative encapsulated strains of Vibrio vulnificus from market oysters and oyster-associated primary septicemia cases (25 isolates each) were tested in a blinded fashion for potential virulence markers that may distinguish strains from these two sources. These isolates were analyzed for plasmid content, for the presence of a 460-bp amplicon by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR, and for virulence in subcutaneously (s.c.) inoculated, iron-dextran-treated mice. Similar percentages of market oyster and clinical isolates possessed detectable plasmids (24 and 36%, respectively), produced the 460-bp amplicon (45 and 50%, respectively), and were judged to be virulent in the mouse s.c. inoculation-iron-dextran model (88% for each). Therefore, it appears that nearly all V. vulnificus strains in oysters are virulent and that genetic tests for plasmids and specific PCR size amplicons cannot distinguish between fully virulent and less virulent strains or between clinical and environmental isolates. The inability of these methods to distinguish food and clinical V. vulnificus isolates demonstrates the need for alternative subtyping approaches and virulence assays.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Dauphin Island, AL 36528-0158. Phone: (251) 694-4480, ext. 230. Fax: (251) 694-4477. E-mail: adepaola{at}cfsan.fda.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 2003, p. 4006-4011, Vol. 69, No. 7
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.7.4006-4011.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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