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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2003, p. 5707-5710, Vol. 69, No. 9
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5707-5710.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Survival of F-Specific RNA Coliphage, Feline Calicivirus, and Escherichia coli in Water: a Comparative Study

Paul B. Allwood,1 Yashpal S. Malik,2 Craig W. Hedberg,1 and Sagar M. Goyal2*

Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,1 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 551082

Received 31 March 2003/ Accepted 26 June 2003

The relationship between the survival of enteric viral pathogens and their indicators (coliform bacteria and coliphages) is not well understood. We compared the survival rates of feline calicivirus (FCV), Escherichia coli, and a male-specific RNA coliphage MS2 at 4, 25, and 37°C for up to 28 days in dechlorinated water. The survival rates of E. coli and FCV, a surrogate of noroviruses (NV), had a high degree of correlation at 4 and 25°C, while MS2 phage survived significantly longer (P < 0.05) at these two temperatures. At 37°C, the survival rates for all three organisms were highly correlated. Decimal reduction values indicating the number of days needed for 90% reduction in titer (D values) decreased for all three organisms as storage temperatures increased. FCV had the shortest D value among all three organisms at all temperatures investigated. These findings indicate that F-specific RNA phages may be useful indicators of NV in the environment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1333 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108. Phone: (612) 625-2714. Fax: (612) 624-8707. E-mail: goyal001{at}umn.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2003, p. 5707-5710, Vol. 69, No. 9
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.9.5707-5710.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Bae, J., Schwab, K. J. (2008). Evaluation of Murine Norovirus, Feline Calicivirus, Poliovirus, and MS2 as Surrogates for Human Norovirus in a Model of Viral Persistence in Surface Water and Groundwater. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 477-484 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jiang, S. C., Chu, W., He, J.-W. (2007). Seasonal Detection of Human Viruses and Coliphage in Newport Bay, California. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 73: 6468-6474 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dreier, J., Stormer, M., Kleesiek, K. (2005). Use of Bacteriophage MS2 as an Internal Control in Viral Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43: 4551-4557 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Duizer, E., Bijkerk, P., Rockx, B., de Groot, A., Twisk, F., Koopmans, M. (2004). Inactivation of Caliciviruses. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 4538-4543 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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