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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2004, p. 129-136, Vol. 70, No. 1
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.1.129-136.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effects of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Growth Medium on Lipid Composition and on Physicochemical Surface Properties of Lactobacilli

P. Kankaanpää,1* B. Yang,1 H. Kallio,1 E. Isolauri,2 and S. Salminen1

Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry,1 Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Central Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland2

Received 4 June 2003/ Accepted 10 October 2003

Most probiotic lactobacilli adhere to intestinal surfaces, a phenomenon influenced by free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The present study investigated whether free linoleic acid, {gamma}-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, {alpha}-linolenic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid in the growth medium alters the fatty acid composition of lactobacilli and their physical characteristics. The most abundant bacterial fatty acids identified were oleic, vaccenic, and dihydrosterculic acids. PUFA, especially conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and {gamma}-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, and {alpha}-linolenic acids, also were identified in lactobacilli. When lactobacilli were cultured in MRS broth supplemented with various free PUFA, the incorporation of a given PUFA into bacterial fatty acids was clearly observed. Moreover, PUFA supplementation also resulted in PUFA-dependent changes in the proportions of other fatty acids; major interconversions were seen in octadecanoic acids (18:1), their methylenated derivatives (19:cyc), and CLA. Intermittent changes in eicosapentaenoic acid proportions also were noted. These results were paralleled by minor changes in the hydrophilic or hydrophobic characteristics of lactobacilli, suggesting that PUFA interfere with microbial adhesion to intestinal surfaces through other mechanisms. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that free PUFA in the growth medium induce changes in bacterial fatty acids in relation to the regulation of the degree of fatty acid unsaturation, cyclization, and proportions of CLA and PUFA containing 20 to 22 carbons. The potential role of lactobacilli as regulators of PUFA absorption may represent another means by which probiotics could redirect the delicate balance of inflammatory mediators derived from PUFA within the inflamed intestine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Perkin-Elmer Life Sciences, P.O. Box 10, 20101 Turku, Finland. Phone: 358 2 2678 510. Fax: 358 2 2678 357. E-mail: pasi.kankaanpaa{at}perkinelmer.com.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2004, p. 129-136, Vol. 70, No. 1
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.1.129-136.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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