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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2004, p. 363-369, Vol. 70, No. 1
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.1.363-369.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Saturable, Energy-Dependent Uptake of Phenanthrene in Aqueous Phase by Mycobacterium sp. Strain RJGII-135

Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan,¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9,² Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2G6³

Received 8 July 2003/ Accepted 29 September 2003

The mechanism of uptake of phenanthrene by Mycobacterium sp. strain RJGII-135, a polycyclic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium, was examined with cultures grown on phenanthrene (induced for phenanthrene metabolism) and acetate (uninduced). Washed cells were suspended in aqueous solutions of [9-¹⁴C]phenanthrene, and then the cells were collected by filtration. Low-level steady-state ¹⁴C concentrations in uninduced cells were achieved within the first 15 s of incubation. This immediate uptake did not show saturation kinetics and was not susceptible to inhibitors of active transport, cyanide and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. These results indicated that phenanthrene enters rapidly into the cells by passive diffusion. However, induced cells showed cumulative uptake over several minutes. The initial uptake rates followed saturation kinetics, with an apparent affinity constant (K_t) of 26 ± 3 nM (mean ± standard deviation). Uptake of phenanthrene by induced cells was strongly inhibited by the inhibitors. Analysis of cell-associated ¹⁴C-labeled compounds revealed that the concurrent metabolism during uptake was rapid and was not saturated at the substrate concentrations tested, suggesting that the saturable uptake observed reflects membrane transport rather than intracellular metabolism. These results were consistent with the presence of a saturable, energy-dependent mechanism for transport of phenanthrene in induced cells. Moreover, the kinetic data for the cumulative uptake suggested that phenanthrene is specifically bound by induced cells, based on its saturation with an apparent dissociation constant (K_d) of 41 ± 21 nM (mean ± standard deviation). Given the low values of K_t and K_d, Mycobacterium sp. strain RJGII-135 may use a high-affinity transport system(s) to take up phenanthrene from the aqueous phase.