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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2004, p. 441-451, Vol. 70, No. 1
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.1.441-451.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Differential Expression of Pine and Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme Genes in Fusiform Rust Galls

Jaimie M. Warren1,{dagger} and Sarah F. Covert2*

Department of Genetics,1 Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 306022

Received 7 February 2003/ Accepted 7 October 2003

Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme is the causative agent of fusiform rust disease of southern pines in the United States. This disease is characterized by the formation of woody branch and stem galls. Differential display was used to identify pine genes whose expression is altered by C. quercuum f. sp. fusiforme infection and to identify C. quercuum f. sp. fusiforme genes that are expressed in fusiform rust galls. Six pine cDNAs that appeared to be differentially expressed in galled and healthy stems and 13 C. quercuum f. sp. fusiforme cDNAs expressed in galled tissues were identified. A probe that hybridizes specifically to C. quercuum f. sp. fusiforme 18S rRNA was used to estimate that 14% of the total RNA in fusiform rust galls was from C. quercuum f. sp. fusiforme. This finding was used to calibrate gene expression levels in galls when comparing them to expression levels in uninfected pines or in isolated C. quercuum f. sp. fusiforme cultures. According to Northern analysis and reverse transcriptase PCR analysis, all six of the pine clones were expressed at lower levels in galls than in healthy tissues. Seven of the nine C. quercuum f. sp. fusiforme clones that were assayed were expressed at higher levels in galls than in axenic culture. A number of the cDNAs encode proteins that are similar to those that play roles in plant development, plant defense, or fungal stress responses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2152. Phone: (706) 542-1205. Fax: (706) 542-8356. E-mail: covert{at}uga.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Ushas Inc. Immunity Research, Portland, OR 97225.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2004, p. 441-451, Vol. 70, No. 1
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.1.441-451.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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