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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2004, p. 804-813, Vol. 70, No. 2
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.2.804-813.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Impact of Virioplankton on Archaeal and Bacterial Community Richness as Assessed in Seawater Batch Cultures

Christian Winter,* Arjan Smit, Gerhard J. Herndl, and Markus G. Weinbauer{dagger}

Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands

Received 29 August 2003/ Accepted 31 October 2003

During cruises in the tropical Atlantic Ocean (January to February 2000) and the southern North Sea (December 2000), experiments were conducted to monitor the impact of virioplankton on archaeal and bacterial community richness. Prokaryotic cells equivalent to 10 to 100% of the in situ abundance were inoculated into virus-free seawater, and viruses equivalent to 35 to 360% of the in situ abundance were added. Batch cultures with microwave-inactivated viruses and without viruses served as controls. The apparent richness of archaeal and bacterial communities was determined by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. Although the estimated richness of the prokaryotic communities generally was greatly reduced within the first 24 h of incubation due to confinement, the effects of virus amendment were detected at the level of individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the T-RFLP patterns of both groups, Archaea and Bacteria. One group of OTUs was detected in the control samples but was absent from the virus-treated samples. This negative response of OTUs to virus amendment probably was caused by viral lysis. Additionally, we found OTUs not responding to the amendments, and several OTUs exhibited variable responses to the addition of inactive or active viruses. Therefore, we conclude that individual members of pelagic archaeal and bacterial communities can be differently affected by the presence of virioplankton.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Oceanography, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands. Phone: 31 222 369 300. Fax: 31 222 319 674. E-mail: cw19462{at}onemail.at.

{dagger} Present address: Diversity, Biogeochemistry, and Microbial Ecology Group, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 06234 Villefranche-sur-mer, France.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, February 2004, p. 804-813, Vol. 70, No. 2
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.2.804-813.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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