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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1378-1384, Vol. 70, No. 3
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1378-1384.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Interaction of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins with Larval Midgut Binding Sites of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Anna Estela, Baltasar Escriche, and Juan Ferré*

Departament de Genètica, Facultat CC. Biològiques, Universitat de València, València, Spain

Received 25 September 2003/ Accepted 24 November 2003

In 1996, Bt-cotton (cotton expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis toxin gene) expressing the Cry1Ac protein was commercially introduced to control cotton pests. A threat to this first generation of transgenic cotton is the evolution of resistance by the insects. Second-generation Bt-cotton has been developed with either new B. thuringiensis genes or with a combination of cry genes. However, one requirement for the "stacked" gene strategy to work is that the stacked toxins bind to different binding sites. In the present study, the binding of 125I-labeled Cry1Ab protein (125I-Cry1Ab) and 125I-Cry1Ac to brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of Helicoverpa armigera was analyzed in competition experiments with 11 nonlabeled Cry proteins. The results indicate that Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, and Cry1Ac competed for common binding sites. No other Cry proteins tested competed for either 125I-Cry1Ab or 125I-Cry1Ac binding, except Cry1Ja, which competed only at the highest concentrations used. Furthermore, BBMV from four H. armigera populations were also tested with 125I-Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab to check the influence of the insect population on the binding results. Finally, the inhibitory effect of selected sugars and lectins was also determined. 125I-Cry1Ac binding was strongly inhibited by N-acetylgalactosamine, sialic acid, and concanavalin A and moderately inhibited by soybean agglutinin. In contrast, 125I-Cry1Ab binding was only significantly inhibited by concanavalin A. These results show that Cry1Ac and Cry1Ab use different epitopes for binding to BBMV.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departament de Genètica, Facultat CC. Biològiques, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100-Burjassot, València, Spain. Phone: (34) 96-354-4506. Fax: (34) 96-354-3029. E-mail: juan.ferre{at}uv.es.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1378-1384, Vol. 70, No. 3
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1378-1384.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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