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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1466-1474, Vol. 70, No. 3
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1466-1474.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Engineering Lactococcus lactis for Production of Mannitol: High Yields from Food-Grade Strains Deficient in Lactate Dehydrogenase and the Mannitol Transport System

Paula Gaspar,1 Ana Rute Neves,1 Ana Ramos,1 Michael J. Gasson,2 Claire A. Shearman,2 and Helena Santos1*

Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, and Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal,1 Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom2

Received 28 July 2003/ Accepted 12 December 2003

Mannitol is a sugar polyol claimed to have health-promoting properties. A mannitol-producing strain of Lactococcus lactis was obtained by disruption of two genes of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-mannitol phosphotransferase system (PTSMtl). Genes mtlA and mtlF were independently deleted by double-crossover recombination in strain L. lactis FI9630 (a food-grade lactate dehydrogenase-deficient strain derived from MG1363), yielding two mutant ({Delta}ldh{Delta}mtlA and {Delta}ldh{Delta}mtlF) strains. The new strains, FI10091 and FI10089, respectively, do not possess any selection marker and are suitable for use in the food industry. The metabolism of glucose in nongrowing cell suspensions of the mutant strains was characterized by in vivo 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance. The intermediate metabolite, mannitol-1-phosphate, accumulated intracellularly to high levels (up to 76 mM). Mannitol was a major end product, one-third of glucose being converted to this hexitol. The double mutants, in contrast to the parent strain, were unable to utilize mannitol even after glucose depletion, showing that mannitol was taken up exclusively by PEP-PTSMtl. Disruption of this system completely blocked mannitol transport in L. lactis, as intended. In addition to mannitol, approximately equimolar amounts of ethanol, 2,3-butanediol, and lactate were produced. A mixed-acid fermentation (formate, ethanol, and acetate) was also observed during growth under controlled conditions of pH and temperature, but mannitol production was low. The reasons for the alteration in the pattern of end products under nongrowing and growing conditions are discussed, and strategies to improve mannitol production during growth are proposed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, Apt. 127, 2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal. Phone: 351-21-4469828. Fax: 351-21-4428766. E-mail: santos{at}itqb.unl.pt.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1466-1474, Vol. 70, No. 3
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1466-1474.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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