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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1708-1716, Vol. 70, No. 3
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1708-1716.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Temporal Shedding Patterns and Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Serogroups O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 in a Cohort of Beef Calves and Their Dams

M. C. Pearce,1,2* C. Jenkins,3,4 L. Vali,5 A. W. Smith,1,2 H. I. Knight,1,2 T. Cheasty,3 H. R. Smith,3 G. J. Gunn,2 M. E. J. Woolhouse,1 S. G. B. Amyes,5 and G. Frankel4

Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG,1 Scottish Agricultural College, Drummondhill, Inverness IV2 4JZ,2 Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens, Specialist and Reference Microbiology Division, Health Protection Agency, London NW9 5HT,3 Centre for Molecular Microbiology and Infection, Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ,4 Medical Microbiology, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, United Kingdom5

Received 12 February 2003/ Accepted 8 October 2003

This study investigated the shedding of Escherichia coli O26, O103, O111, O145, and O157 in a cohort of beef calves from birth over a 5-month period and assessed the relationship between shedding in calves and shedding in their dams, the relationship between shedding and scouring in calves, and the effect of housing on shedding in calves. Fecal samples were tested by immunomagnetic separation and by PCR and DNA hybridization assays. E. coli O26 was shed by 94% of calves. Over 90% of E. coli O26 isolates carried the vtx1, eae, and ehl genes, 6.5% carried vtx1 and vtx2, and one isolate carried vtx2 only. Serogroup O26 isolates comprised seven pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns but were dominated by one pattern which represented 85.7% of isolates. E. coli O103 was shed by 51% of calves. Forty-eight percent of E. coli O103 isolates carried eae and ehl, 2% carried vtx2, and none carried vtx1. Serogroup O103 isolates comprised 10 PFGE patterns and were dominated by two patterns representing 62.5% of isolates. Shedding of E. coli O145 and O157 was rare. All serogroup O145 isolates carried eae, but none carried vtx1 or vtx2. All but one serogroup O157 isolate carried vtx2, eae, and ehl. E. coli O111 was not detected. In most calves, the temporal pattern of E. coli O26 and O103 shedding was random. E. coli O26 was detected in three times as many samples as E. coli O103, and the rate at which calves began shedding E. coli O26 for the first time was five times greater than that for E. coli O103. For E. coli O26, O103, and O157, there was no association between shedding by calves and shedding by dams within 1 week of birth. For E. coli O26 and O103, there was no association between shedding and scouring, and there was no significant change in shedding following housing.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Epidemiology Unit, Scottish Agricultural College, Drummondhill, Stratherrick Rd., Inverness IV2 4JZ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 (01463) 243 030. Fax: 44 (01463) 711 103. E-mail: m.pearce{at}ed.sac.ac.uk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, March 2004, p. 1708-1716, Vol. 70, No. 3
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.3.1708-1716.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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