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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2004, p. 2079-2088, Vol. 70, No. 4
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2079-2088.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Characterization of Ferroplasma Isolates and Ferroplasma acidarmanus sp. nov., Extreme Acidophiles from Acid Mine Drainage and Industrial Bioleaching Environments

Mark Dopson,1,{dagger} Craig Baker-Austin,1 Andrew Hind,1 John P. Bowman,2 and Philip L. Bond1,3*

School of Biological Sciences,1 Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom,3 School of Agricultural Science, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia2

Received 23 September 2003/ Accepted 6 January 2004

Three recently isolated extremely acidophilic archaeal strains have been shown to be phylogenetically similar to Ferroplasma acidiphilum YT by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. All four Ferroplasma isolates were capable of growing chemoorganotrophically on yeast extract or a range of sugars and chemomixotrophically on ferrous iron and yeast extract or sugars, and isolate "Ferroplasma acidarmanus" Fer1T required much higher levels of organic carbon. All four isolates were facultative anaerobes, coupling chemoorganotrophic growth on yeast extract to the reduction of ferric iron. The temperature optima for the four isolates were between 35 and 42°C and the pH optima were 1.0 to 1.7, and "F. acidarmanus" Fer1T was capable of growing at pH 0. The optimum yeast extract concentration for "F. acidarmanus" Fer1T was higher than that for the other three isolates. Phenotypic results suggested that isolate "F. acidarmanus" Fer1T is of a different species than the other three strains, and 16S rRNA sequence data, DNA-DNA similarity values, and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles clearly showed that strains DR1, MT17, and YT group as a single species. "F. acidarmanus" Fer1T groups separately, and we propose the new species "F. acidarmanus" Fer1T sp. nov.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 (0)1603 593534. Fax: 44 (0)1603 592250. E-mail: phil.bond{at}uea.ac.uk.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2004, p. 2079-2088, Vol. 70, No. 4
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2079-2088.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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