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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2004, p. 2089-2097, Vol. 70, No. 4
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2089-2097.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Influence of Environmental Factors and Human Activity on the Presence of Salmonella Serovars in a Marine Environment

Jaime Martinez-Urtaza,1* Montserrat Saco,2 Jacobo de Novoa,1 Pelayo Perez-Piñeiro,1 Jesus Peiteado,1 Antonio Lozano-Leon,1 and Oscar Garcia-Martin1

Unidad de Control de Moluscos, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario Sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela,1 Laboratori de Sanitat Ramadera de Barcelona, Departamento de Agricultura, Ganaderia y Pesca, Generalitat de Catalunya, Zona Franca, 08040 Barcelona, Spain2

Received 24 July 2003/ Accepted 7 January 2004

The temporal and spatial distribution of Salmonella contamination in the coastal waters of Galicia (northwestern Spain) relative to contamination events with different environmental factors (temperature, wind, hours of sunlight, rainfall, and river flow) were investigated over a 4-year period. Salmonellae were isolated from 127 of 5,384 samples of molluscs and seawater (2.4%), and no significant differences (P < 0.05) between isolates obtained in different years were observed. The incidence of salmonellae was significantly higher in water column samples (2.9%) than in those taken from the marine benthos (0.7%). Of the 127 strains of Salmonella isolated, 20 different serovars were identified. Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg was the predominant serovar, being represented by 54 isolates (42.5%), followed by serovar Typhimurium (19 isolates [15%]) and serovar Agona (12 isolates [9.4%]). Serovar Senftenberg was detected at specific points on the coast and could not be related to any of the environmental parameters analyzed. All serovars except Salmonella serovar Senftenberg were found principally in the southern coastal areas close to the mouths of rivers, and their incidence was associated with high southwestern wind and rainfall. Using multiple logistic regression analysis models, the prevalence of salmonellae was best explained by environmental parameters on the day prior to sampling. Understanding this relationship may be useful for the control of molluscan shellfish harvests, with wind and rainfall serving as triggers for closure.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Phone: 34 981 563100, ext. 16043. Fax: 34 981 547165. E-mail: ucmjmur{at}usc.es.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2004, p. 2089-2097, Vol. 70, No. 4
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2089-2097.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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