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Spatial Distribution of Marine Crenarchaeota Group I in the Vicinity of Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Systems

Subground Animalcule Retrieval Project, Frontier Research System for Extremophiles, Japan Marine Science & Technology Center, Yokosuka 237-0061,¹ Laboratory of Molecular Marine Microbiology, Division of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan,² Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0740³

Received 20 August 2003/ Accepted 12 December 2003

Distribution profiles of marine crenarchaeota group I in the vicinity of deep-sea hydrothermal systems were mapped with culture-independent molecular techniques. Planktonic samples were obtained from the waters surrounding two geographically and geologically distinct hydrothermal systems, and the abundance of marine crenarchaeota group I was examined by 16S ribosomal DNA clone analysis, quantitative PCR, and whole-cell fluorescence in situ hybridization. A much higher proportion of marine crenarchaeota group I within the microbial community was detected in deep-sea hydrothermal environments than in normal deep and surface seawaters. The highest proportion was always obtained from the ambient seawater adjacent to hydrothermal emissions and chimneys but not from the hydrothermal plumes. These profiles were markedly different from the profiles of epsilon-Proteobacteria, which are abundant in the low temperatures of deep-sea hydrothermal environments.

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