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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2004, p. 2494-2496, Vol. 70, No. 4
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2494-2496.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Chlorophenol Production by Anaerobic Microorganisms: Transformation of a Biogenic Chlorinated Hydroquinone Metabolite

C. E. Milliken,1 G. P. Meier,2 K. R. Sowers,3 and H. D. May1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina,1 Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington,2 Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland3

Received 23 October 2003/ Accepted 23 December 2003

Chlorinated hydroquinones of biological origin are fully dechlorinated to 1,4-dihydroquinone by anaerobic bacteria such as Desulfitobacterium spp. (C. E. Milliken, G. P. Meier, J. E. M. Watts, K. R. Sowers, and H. D. May, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:385-392, 2004). In the present study, mixed microbial communities from Baltimore Harbor sediment and a pure culture of Desulfitobacterium sp. strain PCE1 were discovered to demethylate, reductively dehydroxylate, and dechlorinate chlorinated hydroquinones into chlorophenols. Mixed microbial cultures from a freshwater source and several other desulfitobacteria in pure culture did not perform these reactions. Desulfitobacterium sp. strain PCE1 degraded 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methoxyphenol, a metabolite of basidiomycete fungi, to 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol and 2,3,5-trichlorophenol, recalcitrant compounds that are primarily synthesized anthropogenically.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave., 224A BSB, P.O. Box 250504, Charleston, SC 29425-2230. Phone: (843) 792-7140. Fax: (843) 792-2074. E-mail: mayh{at}musc.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2004, p. 2494-2496, Vol. 70, No. 4
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2494-2496.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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