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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2004, p. 2497-2502, Vol. 70, No. 4
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2497-2502.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Fate of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium on Carrots and Radishes Grown in Fields Treated with Contaminated Manure Composts or Irrigation Water

Center for Food Safety, The University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223,¹ Department of Horticulture, The University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, Georgia 31793,² Animal Waste Pathogens Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Service, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland 20705,³ Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634⁴

Received 12 August 2003/ Accepted 7 January 2004

Three different types of compost, PM-5 (poultry manure compost), 338 (dairy cattle manure compost), and NVIRO-4 (alkaline-pH-stabilized dairy cattle manure compost), and irrigation water were inoculated with an avirulent strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at 10⁷ CFU g^–1 and 10⁵ CFU ml^–1, respectively, to determine the persistence of salmonellae in soils containing these composts, in irrigation water, and also on carrots and radishes grown in these contaminated soils. A split-plot block design plan was used for each crop, with five treatments (one without compost, three with each of the three composts, and one without compost but with contaminated water applied) and five replicates for a total of 25 plots for each crop, with each plot measuring 1.8 x 4.6 m. Salmonellae persisted for an extended period of time, with the bacteria surviving in soil samples for 203 to 231 days, and were detected after seeds were sown for 84 and 203 days on radishes and carrots, respectively. Salmonella survival was greatest in soil amended with poultry compost and least in soil containing alkaline-pH-stabilized dairy cattle manure compost. Survival profiles of Salmonella on vegetables and soil samples contaminated by irrigation water were similar to those observed when contamination occurred through compost. Hence, both contaminated manure compost and irrigation water can play an important role in contaminating soil and root vegetables with salmonellae for several months.

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