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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2004, p. 2653-2659, Vol. 70, No. 5
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.5.2653-2659.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Regulation of Fumonisin Biosynthesis in Fusarium verticillioides by a Zinc Binuclear Cluster-Type Gene, ZFR1{dagger}

Joseph E. Flaherty and Charles P. Woloshuk*

Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054

Received 11 December 2003/ Accepted 10 February 2004

Fusarium verticillioides, a pathogen of maize, produces a class of mycotoxins called fumonisins in infected kernels. In this study, a candidate regulatory gene, ZFR1, was identified in an expressed sequence tag library enriched for transcripts expressed by F. verticillioides during fumonisin B1 (FB1) biosynthesis. ZFR1 deletion mutants exhibited normal growth and development on maize kernels, but fumonisin production was reduced to less than 10% of that of the wild-type strain. ZFR1 encodes a putative protein of 705 amino acids with sequence similarity to the Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster family that are regulators of both primary and secondary metabolism in fungi. Expression of ZFR1 in colonized germ and degermed kernel tissues correlated with FB1 levels. Overexpression of ZFR1 in zfr1 mutants restored FB1 production to wild-type levels; however, FB1 was not restored in an fcc1 (Fusarium C-type cyclin) mutant by overexpression of ZFR1. The results of this study indicate that ZFR1 is a positive regulator of FB1 biosynthesis in F. verticillioides and suggest that FCC1 is required for ZFR1 function.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 West State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054. Phone: (765) 494-3450. Fax: (765) 494-0363. E-mail: woloshuk{at}purdue.edu.

{dagger} Journal publication 17275 of the Purdue University Agricultural Research Program.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2004, p. 2653-2659, Vol. 70, No. 5
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.5.2653-2659.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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