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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2004, p. 2836-2842, Vol. 70, No. 5
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.5.2836-2842.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Prevalence of the Chloroflexi-Related SAR202 Bacterioplankton Cluster throughout the Mesopelagic Zone and Deep Ocean{dagger}

R. M. Morris,1 M. S. Rappé,2 E. Urbach,3 S. A. Connon,4 and S. J. Giovannoni1*

Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331,1 Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744,2 Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,3 Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 832094

Received 12 December 2003/ Accepted 31 January 2004

Since their initial discovery in samples from the north Atlantic Ocean, 16S rRNA genes related to the environmental gene clone cluster known as SAR202 have been recovered from pelagic freshwater, marine sediment, soil, and deep subsurface terrestrial environments. Together, these clones form a major, monophyletic subgroup of the phylum Chloroflexi. While members of this diverse group are consistently identified in the marine environment, there are currently no cultured representatives, and very little is known about their distribution or abundance in the world's oceans. In this study, published and newly identified SAR202-related 16S rRNA gene sequences were used to further resolve the phylogeny of this cluster and to design taxon-specific oligonucleotide probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization. Direct cell counts from the Bermuda Atlantic time series study site in the north Atlantic Ocean, the Hawaii ocean time series site in the central Pacific Ocean, and along the Newport hydroline in eastern Pacific coastal waters showed that SAR202 cluster cells were most abundant below the deep chlorophyll maximum and that they persisted to 3,600 m in the Atlantic Ocean and to 4,000 m in the Pacific Ocean, the deepest samples used in this study. On average, members of the SAR202 group accounted for 10.2% (±5.7%) of all DNA-containing bacterioplankton between 500 and 4,000 m.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331. Phone: (541) 737-1835. Fax: (541) 737-0496. E-mail: steve.giovannoni{at}orst.edu.

{dagger} This is HIMB contribution 1179 and SOEST contribution 6337.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2004, p. 2836-2842, Vol. 70, No. 5
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.5.2836-2842.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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