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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2004, p. 3122-3129, Vol. 70, No. 5
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.5.3122-3129.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Isolation, Characterization, and In Situ Detection of a Novel Chemolithoautotrophic Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterium in Wastewater Biofilms Growing under Microaerophilic Conditions

Tsukasa Ito, Kenichi Sugita, and Satoshi Okabe*

Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan

Received 1 December 2003/ Accepted 27 January 2004

We successfully isolated a novel aerobic chemolithotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacterium, designated strain SO07, from wastewater biofilms growing under microaerophilic conditions. For isolation, the use of elemental sulfur (S0), which is the most abundant sulfur pool in the wastewater biofilms, as the electron donor was an effective measure to establish an enrichment culture of strain SO07 and further isolation. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that newly isolated strain SO07 was affiliated with members of the genus Halothiobacillus, but it was only distantly related to previously isolated species (89% identity). Strain SO07 oxidized elemental sulfur, thiosulfate, and sulfide to sulfate under oxic conditions. Strain SO07 could not grow on nitrate. Organic carbons, including acetate, propionate, and formate, could not serve as carbon and energy sources. Unlike other aerobic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria, this bacterium was sensitive to NaCl; growth in medium containing more than 150 mM was negligible. In situ hybridization combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that a number of rod-shaped cells hybridized with a probe specific for strain SO07 were mainly present in the oxic biofilm strata (ca. 0 to 100 µm) and that they often coexisted with sulfate-reducing bacteria in this zone. These results demonstrated that strain SO07 was one of the important sulfur-oxidizing populations involved in the sulfur cycle occurring in the wastewater biofilm and was primarily responsible for the oxidation of H2S and S0 to SO42– under oxic conditions.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan. Phone: 81-(0)11-706-6266. Fax: 81-(0)11-706-6266. E-mail: sokabe{at}eng.hokudai.ac.jp.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, May 2004, p. 3122-3129, Vol. 70, No. 5
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.5.3122-3129.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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  • Cytryn, E., van Rijn, J., Schramm, A., Gieseke, A., de Beer, D., Minz, D. (2005). Identification of Bacteria Potentially Responsible for Oxic and Anoxic Sulfide Oxidation in Biofilters of a Recirculating Mariculture System. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 6134-6141 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Okabe, S., Ito, T., Sugita, K., Satoh, H. (2005). Succession of Internal Sulfur Cycles and Sulfur-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities in Microaerophilic Wastewater Biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71: 2520-2529 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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