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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2004, p. 3401-3406, Vol. 70, No. 6
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3401-3406.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evolutionary Relationships of Primary Prokaryotic Endosymbionts of Whiteflies and Their Hosts

MyLo Ly Thao1 and Paul Baumann1*

Microbiology Section, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616-8665

Received 21 January 2004/ Accepted 5 March 2004

Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) are plant sap-sucking insects that harbor prokaryotic primary endosymbionts (P-endosymbionts) within specialized cells located in their body cavity. Four-kilobase DNA fragments containing 16S-23S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified from the P-endosymbiont of 24 whiteflies from 22 different species of 2 whitefly subfamilies. In addition, 3-kb DNA fragments containing mitochondrial cytB, nd1, and large-subunit rDNA (LrDNA) were amplified from 17 whitefly species. Comparisons of the P-endosymbiont (16S-23S rDNA) and host (cytB-nd1-LrDNA) phylogenetic trees indicated overall congruence consistent with a single infection of a whitefly ancestor with a bacterium and subsequent cospeciation (cocladogenesis) of the host and the P-endosymbiont. On the basis of both the P-endosymbiont and host trees, the whiteflies could be subdivided into at least five clusters. The major subdivision was between the subfamilies Aleyrodinae and Aleurodicinae. Unlike the P-endosymbionts of may other insects, the P-endosymbionts of whiteflies were related to Pseudomonas and possibly to the P-endosymbionts of psyllids. The lineage consisting of the P-endosymbionts of whiteflies is given the designation "Candidatus Portiera" gen. nov., with a single species, "Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum" sp. nov.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Microbiology Section, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616-8665. Phone: (530) 752-0272. Fax: (530) 752-9014. E-mail: pabaumann{at}ucdavis.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2004, p. 3401-3406, Vol. 70, No. 6
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3401-3406.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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