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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2004, p. 3776-3780, Vol. 70, No. 6
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3776-3780.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Distribution of Giardia duodenalis Genotypes and Subgenotypes in Raw Urban Wastewater in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Irshad M. Sulaiman,1 Jianlin Jiang,1 Ajaib Singh,2 and Lihua Xiao1*

Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30341,1 City of Milwaukee Public Health Laboratories, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 532022

Received 30 October 2003/ Accepted 23 February 2004

Giardia cysts in 131 raw wastewater samples from Milwaukee, Wis., were genotyped by sequence analysis of the triosephosphate isomerase gene which showed the presence of two distinct genotypes (assemblages A and B) of Giardia duodenalis. Of the 131 samples, 111 belonged to assemblage A, and the remaining samples belonged to assemblage B. A high degree of genetic polymorphism was evident within the assemblage B cluster, with 10 distinct subgenotypes identified, eight of which have not been reported before.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Parasitic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Building 22, Mail Stop F-12, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717. Phone: (770) 488-4840. Fax: (770) 488-4454. E-mail: lxiao{at}cdc.gov.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, June 2004, p. 3776-3780, Vol. 70, No. 6
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.6.3776-3780.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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