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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2004, p. 5111-5118, Vol. 70, No. 9
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5111-5118.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Effect of Length of Time before Incorporation on Survival of Pathogenic Bacteria Present in Livestock Wastes Applied to Agricultural Soil

M. L. Hutchison,1* L. D. Walters,1 A. Moore,1 K. M. Crookes,2 and S. M. Avery1

Microbiological Research Division, Direct Laboratories, Ltd., Woodthorne, Wolverhampton,1 ADAS Consulting, Ltd., Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, United Kingdom2

Received 12 November 2003/ Accepted 16 May 2004

In response to reports that the contamination of food can occur during the on-farm primary phase of food production, we report data that describes a possible cost-effective intervention measure. The effect of time before soil incorporation of livestock wastes spread to land on the rate of decline of zoonotic agents present in the waste was investigated. Fresh livestock wastes were inoculated with laboratory-cultured Salmonella, Listeria, and Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli O157 before they were spead onto soil. Incorporation of the spread wastes was either immediate, delayed for 1 week, or did not occur at all. Bacterial decline was monitored over time and found to be significantly more rapid for all waste types when they were left on the soil surface. There were no significant differences in initial bacterial decline rates when wastes were spread in summer or winter. Our results indicate that not incorporating contaminated livestock wastes into soil is a potential intervention measure that may help to limit the spread of zoonotic agents further up the food chain. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to current advice for livestock waste disposal.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Microbiological Research Division, Direct Laboratories, Ltd., Woodthorne, Wergs Rd., Wolverhampton WV6 8TQ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-1902-693285. Fax: 44-1902-693310. E-mail: Mike.Hutchison{at}directlabs.co.uk.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2004, p. 5111-5118, Vol. 70, No. 9
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5111-5118.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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