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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2004, p. 5177-5182, Vol. 70, No. 9
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5177-5182.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Copper Ions Stimulate Polyphosphate Degradation and Phosphate Efflux in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Sergio Alvarez and Carlos A. Jerez*

Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Millennium Institute for Advanced Studies in Cell Biology and Biotechnology, and Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile

Received 5 February 2004/ Accepted 14 May 2004

For some bacteria and algae, it has been proposed that inorganic polyphosphates and transport of metal-phosphate complexes could participate in heavy metal tolerance. To test for this possibility in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, a microorganism with a high level of resistance to heavy metals, the polyphosphate levels were determined when the bacterium was grown in or shifted to the presence of a high copper concentration (100 mM). Under these conditions, cells showed a rapid decrease in polyphosphate levels with a concomitant increase in exopolyphosphatase activity and a stimulation of phosphate efflux. Copper in the range of 1 to 2 µM greatly stimulated exopolyphosphatase activity in cell extracts from A. ferrooxidans. The same was seen to a lesser extent with cadmium and zinc. Bioinformatic analysis of the available A. ferrooxidans ATCC 23270 genomic sequence did not show a putative pit gene for phosphate efflux but rather an open reading frame similar in primary and secondary structure to that of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphate transporter that is functional at acidic pH (Pho84). Our results support a model for metal detoxification in which heavy metals stimulate polyphosphate hydrolysis and the metal-phosphate complexes formed are transported out of the cell as part of a possibly functional heavy metal tolerance mechanism in A. ferrooxidans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Phone: (56 2) 678 73 76. Fax: (56 2) 271 29 83. E-mail: cjerez{at}uchile.cl.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2004, p. 5177-5182, Vol. 70, No. 9
0099-2240/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.70.9.5177-5182.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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