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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2005, p. 85-92, Vol. 71, No. 1
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.1.85-92.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Temperature-Driven Campylobacter Seasonality in England and Wales

Valérie R. Louis,1,2 Iain A. Gillespie,3 Sarah J. O'Brien,3 Estelle Russek-Cohen,2 Andrew D. Pearson,3 and Rita R. Colwell1,4*

Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore,1 Department of Animal and Avian Sciences,2 Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland,4 Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom3

Received 11 April 2004/ Accepted 9 August 2004

Campylobacter incidence in England and Wales between 1990 and 1999 was examined in conjunction with weather conditions. Over the 10-year interval, the average annual rate was determined to be 78.4 ± 15.0 cases per 100,000, with an upward trend. Rates were higher in males than in females, regardless of age, and highest in children less than 5 years old. Major regional differences were detected, with the highest rates in Wales and the southwest and the lowest in the southeast. The disease displayed a seasonal pattern, and increased campylobacter rates were found to be correlated with temperature. The most marked seasonal effect was observed for children under the age of 5. The seasonal pattern of campylobacter infections indicated a linkage with environmental factors rather than food sources. Therefore, public health interventions should not be restricted to food-borne approaches, and the epidemiology of the seasonal peak in human campylobacter infections may best be understood through studies in young children.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Phone: (301) 405-9550. Fax: (301) 314-6654. E-mail: rcolwell{at}umiacs.umd.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2005, p. 85-92, Vol. 71, No. 1
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.1.85-92.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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