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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2005, p. 5951-5956, Vol. 71, No. 10
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.5951-5956.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Metabolism of Carbaryl via 1,2-Dihydroxynaphthalene by Soil Isolates Pseudomonas sp. Strains C4, C5, and C6

Vandana P. Swetha and Prashant S. Phale*

Biotechnology Group, School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India

Received 9 March 2005/ Accepted 10 May 2005

Pseudomonas sp. strains C4, C5, and C6 utilize carbaryl as the sole source of carbon and energy. Identification of 1-naphthol, salicylate, and gentisate in the spent media; whole-cell O2 uptake on 1-naphthol, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene, salicylaldehyde, salicylate, and gentisate; and detection of key enzymes, viz, carbaryl hydrolase, 1-naphthol hydroxylase, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase, and gentisate dioxygenase, in the cell extract suggest that carbaryl is metabolized via 1-naphthol, 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene, and gentisate. Here, we demonstrate 1-naphthol hydroxylase and 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene dioxygenase activities in the cell extracts of carbaryl-grown cells. 1-Naphthol hydroxylase is present in the membrane-free cytosolic fraction, requires NAD(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide, and has optimum activity in the pH range 7.5 to 8.0. Carbaryl-degrading enzymes are inducible, and maximum induction was observed with carbaryl. Based on these results, the proposed metabolic pathway is carbaryl -> 1-naphthol -> 1,2-dihydroxynaphthalene -> salicylaldehyde -> salicylate -> gentisate -> maleylpyruvate.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Biotechnology Group, School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India. Phone: 91-22-2576 7836. Fax: 91-22-2572 3480. E-mail: pphale{at}iitb.ac.in.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2005, p. 5951-5956, Vol. 71, No. 10
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.5951-5956.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Swetha, V. P., Basu, A., Phale, P. S. (2007). Purification and Characterization of 1-Naphthol-2-Hydroxylase from Carbaryl-Degrading Pseudomonas Strain C4. J. Bacteriol. 189: 2660-2666 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Basu, A., Apte, S. K., Phale, P. S. (2006). Preferential Utilization of Aromatic Compounds over Glucose by Pseudomonas putida CSV86.. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 2226-2230 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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