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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2005, p. 6353-6359, Vol. 71, No. 10
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6353-6359.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Diversity and Distribution of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Permanently Frozen Lake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Elizabeth A. Karr,{dagger} W. Matthew Sattley, Melissa R. Rice, Deborah O. Jung, Michael T. Madigan, and Laurie A. Achenbach*

Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6508

Received 30 March 2005/ Accepted 27 May 2005

The permanently frozen freshwater Lake Fryxell, located in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, exhibits an ideal geochemistry for microbial sulfate reduction. To investigate the population of sulfate-reducing bacteria in Lake Fryxell, both 16S rRNA gene and metabolic primer sets targeting the dsrA gene for the dissimilatory sulfite reductase alpha subunit were employed to analyze environmental DNA obtained from the water column and sediments of Lake Fryxell. In addition, enrichment cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria established at 4°C from Lake Fryxell water were also screened using the dsrA primer set. The sequence information obtained showed that a diverse group of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes of the domain Bacteria inhabit Lake Fryxell. With one exception, the enrichment culture sequences were not represented within the environmental sequences. Sequence data were compared with the geochemical profile of Lake Fryxell to identify possible connections between the diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria and limnological conditions. Several clone groups were highly localized with respect to lake depth and, therefore, experienced specific physiochemical conditions. However, all sulfate-reducing bacteria inhabiting Lake Fryxell must function under the constantly cold conditions characteristic of this extreme environment.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL 62901-6508. Phone: (618) 453-7984. Fax: (618) 453-8036. E-mail: laurie{at}micro.siu.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2005, p. 6353-6359, Vol. 71, No. 10
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6353-6359.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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