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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2005, p. 6383-6387, Vol. 71, No. 10
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6383-6387.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

SHORT REPORT

Effects of Dissolved Sulfide, pH, and Temperature on Growth and Survival of Marine Hyperthermophilic Archaea

Karen G. Lloyd,1* Virginia P. Edgcomb,2 Stephen J. Molyneaux,2 Simone Böer,3 Carl O. Wirsen,2 Michael S. Atkins,2 and Andreas Teske1

Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599,1 Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543,2 Institute for Biology and Chemistry of the Ocean (ICBM), Department of Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany 283593

Received 1 November 2004/ Accepted 25 April 2005

The ability of metabolically diverse hyperthermophilic archaea to withstand high temperatures, low pHs, high sulfide concentrations, and the absence of carbon and energy sources was investigated. Close relatives of our study organisms, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Archaeoglobus profundus, Thermococcus fumicolans, and Pyrococcus sp. strain GB-D, are commonly found in hydrothermal vent chimney walls and hot sediments and possibly deeper in the subsurface, where highly dynamic hydrothermal flow patterns and steep chemical and temperature gradients provide an ever-changing mosaic of microhabitats. These organisms (with the possible exception of Pyrococcus strain GB-D) tolerated greater extremes of low pH, high sulfide concentration, and high temperature when actively growing and metabolizing than when starved of carbon sources and electron donors/acceptors. Therefore these organisms must be actively metabolizing in the hydrothermal vent chimneys, sediments, and subsurface in order to withstand at least 24 h of exposure to extremes of pH, sulfide, and temperature that occur in these environments.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: CB# 3300, Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599. Phone: (919) 966-5965. Fax: (919) 962-1254. E-mail: klloyd{at}email.unc.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2005, p. 6383-6387, Vol. 71, No. 10
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.10.6383-6387.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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