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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2005, p. 6606-6612, Vol. 71, No. 11
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.6606-6612.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Prediction of the Adaptability of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to a Second Phase of a Solvent for Economically Sound Two-Phase Biotransformations

Grit Neumann,1 Nadja Kabelitz,1 Andreas Zehnsdorf,2 Anja Miltner,1 Holger Lippold,3 Daniel Meyer,4,5 Andreas Schmid,5 and Hermann J. Heipieper1*

Department of Bioremediation, Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle (UFZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany,1 Environmental and Biotechnology Centre (UBZ), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany,2 Institute of Interdisciplinary Isotope Research (IIF), Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany,3 Institute of Biotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8093 Zurich, Switzerland,4 Chair of Chemical Biotechnology and Institute for Analytical Sciences, University of Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany5

Received 18 February 2005/ Accepted 16 June 2005

The strain Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E was tested for its ability to tolerate second phases of different alkanols for their use as solvents in two-liquid-phase biotransformations. Although 1-decanol showed an about 10-fold higher toxicity to the cells than 1-octanol, the cells were able to adapt completely to 1-decanol only and could not be adapted in order to grow stably in the presence of a second phase of 1-octanol. The main explanation for this observation can be seen in the higher water and membrane solubility of 1-octanol. The hydrophobicity (log P) of a substance correlates with a certain partitioning of that compound into the membrane. Combining the log P value with the water solubility, the maximum membrane concentration of a compound can be calculated. With this simple calculation, it is possible to predict the property of an organic chemical for its potential applicability as a solvent for two-liquid-phase biotransformations with solvent-tolerant P. putida strains. Only compounds that show a maximum membrane concentration of less than 400 mM, such as 1-decanol, seem to be tolerated by these bacterial strains when applied in supersaturating concentrations to the medium. Taking into consideration that a solvent for a two-liquid-phase system should possess partitioning properties for potential substrates and products of a fine chemical synthesis, it can be seen that 1-decanol is a suitable solvent for such biotransformation processes. This was also demonstrated in shake cultures, where increasing amounts of a second phase of 1-decanol led to bacteria tolerating higher concentrations of the model substrate 3-nitrotoluene. Transferring this example to a 5-liter-scale bioreactor with 10% (vol/vol) 1-decanol, the amount of 3-nitrotoluene tolerated by the cells is up to 200-fold higher than in pure aqueous medium. The system demonstrates the usefulness of two-phase biotransformations utilizing solvent-tolerant bacteria.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Bioremediation, Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle (UFZ), Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany. Phone: 49 341 235 2772. Fax: 49 341 235 2492. E-mail: hermann.heipieper{at}ufz.de.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2005, p. 6606-6612, Vol. 71, No. 11
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.6606-6612.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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