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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2005, p. 7285-7291, Vol. 71, No. 11
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7285-7291.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Detection of Carp Interstitial Nephritis and Gill Necrosis Virus in Fish Droppings

Arnon Dishon,1 Ayana Perelberg,1,3 Janette Bishara-Shieban,2 Maya Ilouze,1 Maya Davidovich,1 Shlomit Werker,4 and Moshe Kotler1*

Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel,1 KoVax Co., R.M.P.A. Building, Har Hotzvim, Jerusalem, Israel,2 Aquaculture Research Station Dor, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Dor 30820, Israel,3 Central Fish Health Laboratory, Nir David 19150, Israel4

Received 15 March 2005/ Accepted 4 July 2005

Carp interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis virus (CNGV) is an unclassified large DNA virus that morphologically resembles members of the Herpesviridae but contains a large (ca. ~280-kbp) linear double-stranded DNA. This virus has also been named koi herpesvirus, koi herpes-like virus, and cyprinid herpesvirus 3. CNGV is the cause of a lethal disease that afflicts common carp and koi. By using immunohistochemistry, molecular analysis, and electron microscopy we previously demonstrated that this virus is present mainly in the intestine and kidney of infected fish. Based on these observations, we postulated that viruses and/or viral components may appear in droppings of infected carp. Here we report that (i) by using PCR we demonstrated that fish droppings contain viral DNA, (ii) fish droppings contain viral antigens which are useful for CNGV diagnosis, and (iii) fish droppings contain active virus which can infect cultured common carp brain cells and induce the disease in naïve fish following inoculation. Thus, our findings show that CNGV can be identified by using droppings without taking biopsies or killing fish and that infectious CNGV is present in the stools of sick fish. The possibility that fish droppings preserve viable CNGV during the nonpermissive seasons is discussed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. Phone: 972-2-6757300. Fax: 972-2-6758190. E-mail: mkotler{at}cc.huji.ac.il.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2005, p. 7285-7291, Vol. 71, No. 11
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7285-7291.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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