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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2005, p. 7345-7351, Vol. 71, No. 11
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7345-7351.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Capsular Polysaccharide Surrounds Smooth and Rugose Types of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104{dagger} ,{ddagger}

C. Eriksson de Rezende,1,§ Y. Anriany,1 L. E. Carr,2 S. W. Joseph,1 and R. M. Weiner1*

Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,1 Department of Biological Resources Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 207422

Received 14 March 2005/ Accepted 3 July 2005

The biofilms and rugose colony morphology of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains are usually associated with at least two different exopolymeric substances (EPS), curli and cellulose. In this study, another EPS, a capsular polysaccharide (CP) synthesized constitutively in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain DT104 at 25 and 37°C, has been recognized as a biofilm matrix component as well. Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) analysis indicated that the CP is comprised principally of glucose and mannose, with galactose as a minor constituent. The composition differs from that of known colanic acid-containing CP that is isolated from cells of Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria grown at 37°C. The reactivity of carbohydrate-specific lectins conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate or gold particles with cellular carbohydrates demonstrated the cell surface localization of CP. Further, lectin binding also correlated with the FACE analysis of CP. Immunoelectron microscopy, using specific antibodies against CP, confirmed that CP surrounds the cells. Confocal microscopy of antibody-labeled cells showed greater biofilm formation at 25°C than at 37°C. Since the CP was shown to be produced at both 37°C and 25°C, it does not appear to be significantly involved in attachment during the early formation of the biofilm matrix. Although the attachment of S. enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 does not appear to be mediated by its CP, the capsule does contribute to the biofilm matrix and may have a role in other features of this organism, such as virulence, as has been shown previously for the capsules of other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Microbiology Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742. Phone: (301) 405-5446. Fax: (301) 314-9489. E-mail: rweiner{at}umd.edu.

{dagger} This paper is dedicated to the memory of Lewis E. Carr.

{ddagger} The electron microscopy work described herein is contribution 101 from the Laboratory of Biological Ultrastructure, College of Life Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park.

§ Present address: The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, November 2005, p. 7345-7351, Vol. 71, No. 11
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.7345-7351.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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