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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2005, p. 1816-1821, Vol. 71, No. 4
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1816-1821.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Anaerobic Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Related Activity in Baltimore Inner Harbor Sediment

Yossi Tal,¹ Joy E. M. Watts,^1, and Harold J. Schreier^1,2*

Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute,¹ Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland²

Received 6 August 2004/ Accepted 4 November 2004

The discovery of bacteria capable of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) has generated interest in understanding the activity, diversity, and distribution of these bacteria in the environment. In this study anammox activity in sediment samples obtained from the Inner Harbor of Baltimore, Md., was detected by ¹⁵N tracer assays. Anammox-specific oligonucleotide primer sets were used to screen a Planctomycetales-specific 16S rRNA gene library generated from sediment DNA preparations, and four new anammox bacterial sequences were identified. Three of these sequences form a cohesive new branch of the anammox group, and the fourth sequence branches separately from this group. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of sediment incubated with anammox-specific media confirmed the presence of the four anammox-related 16S rRNA gene sequences. Evidence for the presence of anammox bacteria in Inner Harbor sediment was also obtained by using an anammox-specific probe in fluorescence in situ hybridization studies. To our knowledge, this is the first report of anammox activity and related bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences from the Chesapeake Bay basin area, and the results suggest that this pathway plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle of this estuarine environment. Furthermore, the presence of these bacteria and their activity in sediment strengthen the contention that anammox-related Plactomycetales are globally distributed.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 701 E. Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202. Phone: (410) 234-8874. Fax: (410) 234-8896. E-mail: schreier{at}umbi.umd.edu.

Manuscript no. 05-112 from the Center of Marine Biotechnology.

Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252.

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, April 2005, p. 1816-1821, Vol. 71, No. 4
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.4.1816-1821.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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