This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Reprints and Permissions Copyright Information Books from ASM Press MicrobeWorld Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ahmed, W. Articles by Katouli, M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ahmed, W. Articles by Katouli, M. Agricola Articles by Ahmed, W. Articles by Katouli, M.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2005, p. 4461-4468, Vol. 71, No. 8
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.8.4461-4468.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Host Species-Specific Metabolic Fingerprint Database for Enterococci and Escherichia coli and Its Application To Identify Sources of Fecal Contamination in Surface Waters

Institute of Sustainability, Health, and Regional Engagement, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC 4558, Queensland, Australia

Received 30 November 2004/ Accepted 14 March 2005

A metabolic fingerprint database of enterococci and Escherichia coli from 10 host groups of animals was developed to trace the sources of fecal contamination in surface waters. In all, 526 biochemical phenotypes (BPTs) of enterococci and 530 E. coli BPTs were obtained from 4,057 enterococci and 3,728 E. coli isolates tested. Of these, 231 Enterococcus BPTs and 257 E. coli BPTs were found in multiple host groups. The remaining 295 Enterococcus BPTs and 273 E. coli BPTs were unique to individual host groups. The database was used to trace the sources of fecal contamination in a local creek. The mean diversities (Di) of enterococci (Di = 0.76 ± 0.05) and E. coli (Di = 0.88 ± 0.04) were high (maximum 1) in water samples, indicating diverse sources of fecal contamination. Overall, 71% of BPTs of enterococci and 67% of E. coli BPTs from water samples were identified as human and animal sources. Altogether, 248 Enterococcus BPTs and 282 E. coli BPTs were found in water samples. Among enterococci, 26 (10%) BPTs were identical to those of humans and 152 BPTs (61%) were identical to those of animals (animal BPTs). Among E. coli isolates, 36 (13%) BPTs were identical to those of humans and 151 (54%) BPTs were identical to those of animals. Of the animal BPTs, 101 (66%) Enterococcus BPTs and 93 (62%) E. coli BPTs were also unique to individual animal groups. On the basis of these unique Enterococcus BPTs, chickens contributed 14% of contamination, followed by humans (10%), dogs (7%), and horses (6%). For E. coli, humans contributed 13% of contamination, followed by ducks (9%), cattle (7%), and chickens (6%). The developed metabolic fingerprint database was able to distinguish between human and animal sources as well as among animal species in the studied catchment.

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Dickerson, J. W. Jr., Crozier, J. B., Hagedorn, C., Hassall, A. (2007). Assessment of the 16S-23S rDNA Intergenic Spacer Region in Enterococcus spp. for Microbial Source Tracking. J. Environ. Qual. 36: 1661-1669 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Blanch, A. R., Belanche-Munoz, L., Bonjoch, X., Ebdon, J., Gantzer, C., Lucena, F., Ottoson, J., Kourtis, C., Iversen, A., Kuhn, I., Moce, L., Muniesa, M., Schwartzbrod, J., Skraber, S., Papageorgiou, G. T., Taylor, H., Wallis, J., Jofre, J. (2006). Integrated Analysis of Established and Novel Microbial and Chemical Methods for Microbial Source Tracking. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72: 5915-5926 [Abstract] [Full Text]