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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2005, p. 4592-4601, Vol. 71, No. 8
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.8.4592-4601.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Methanogen Diversity Evidenced by Molecular Characterization of Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase A (mcrA) Genes in Hydrothermal Sediments of the Guaymas Basin

Ashita Dhillon,1 Mark Lever,2 Karen G. Lloyd,2 Daniel B. Albert,2 Mitchell L. Sogin,1 and Andreas Teske2*

Marine Biological Laboratory, The Josephine Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts,1 Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina2

Received 19 July 2004/ Accepted 4 March 2005

The methanogenic community in hydrothermally active sediments of Guaymas Basin (Gulf of California, Mexico) was analyzed by PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing of methyl coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) and 16S rRNA genes. Members of the Methanomicrobiales and Methanosarcinales dominated the mcrA and 16S rRNA clone libraries from the upper 15 cm of the sediments. Within the H2/CO2- and formate-utilizing family Methanomicrobiales, two mcrA and 16S rRNA lineages were closely affiliated with cultured species of the genera Methanoculleus and Methanocorpusculum. The most frequently recovered mcrA PCR amplicons within the Methanomicrobiales did not branch with any cultured genera. Within the nutritionally versatile family Methanosarcinales, one 16S rRNA amplicon and most of the mcrA PCR amplicons were affiliated with the obligately acetate utilizing species Methanosaeta concilii. The mcrA clone libraries also included phylotypes related to the methyl-disproportionating genus Methanococcoides. However, two mcrA and two 16S rRNA lineages within the Methanosarcinales were unrelated to any cultured genus. Overall, the clone libraries indicate a diversified methanogen community that uses H2/CO2, formate, acetate, and methylated substrates. Phylogenetic affiliations of mcrA and 16S rRNA clones with thermophilic and nonthermophilic cultured isolates indicate a mixed mesophilic and thermophilic methanogen community in the surficial Guaymas sediments.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, Venable Hall 12-1, CB 3300, Chapel Hill, NC 27510. Phone: (919) 843-2463. Fax: (919) 962-1254. E-mail: teske{at}email.unc.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, August 2005, p. 4592-4601, Vol. 71, No. 8
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.8.4592-4601.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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