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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2005, p. 5192-5196, Vol. 71, No. 9
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5192-5196.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

13C-Carrier DNA Shortens the Incubation Time Needed To Detect Benzoate-Utilizing Denitrifying Bacteria by Stable-Isotope Probing

E. Gallagher,1 L. McGuinness,2 C. Phelps,1 L. Y. Young,1 and L. J. Kerkhof2*

Department of Environmental Sciences,1 Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Cook College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 089012

Received 2 December 2004/ Accepted 31 March 2005

The active bacterial community able to utilize benzoate under denitrifying conditions was elucidated in two coastal sediments using stable-isotope probing (SIP) and nosZ gene amplification. The SIP method employed samples from Norfolk Harbor, Virginia, and a Long-Term Ecosystem Observatory (no. 15) off the coast of Tuckerton, New Jersey. The SIP method was modified by use of archaeal carrier DNA in the density gradient separation. The carrier DNA significantly reduced the incubation time necessary to detect the 13C-labeled bacterial DNA from weeks to hours in the coastal enrichments. No denitrifier DNA was found to contaminate the archaeal 13C-carrier when [12C]benzoate was used as a substrate in the sediment enrichments. Shifts in the activity of the benzoate-utilizing denitrifying population could be detected throughout a 21-day incubation. These results suggest that temporal analysis using SIP can be used to illustrate the initial biodegrader(s) in a bacterial population and to document the cross-feeding microbial community.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Cook Campus, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Rd., New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8521. Phone: (732) 932-6555, ext. 335. Fax: (732) 932-6520. E-mail: kerkhof{at}imcs.rutgers.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, September 2005, p. 5192-5196, Vol. 71, No. 9
0099-2240/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5192-5196.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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