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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2006, p. 28-36, Vol. 72, No. 1
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.1.28-36.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role of Autochthonous Filamentous Fungi in Bioremediation of a Soil Historically Contaminated with Aromatic Hydrocarbons

A. D'Annibale,¹ F. Rosetto,² V. Leonardi,^1,2 F. Federici,¹ and M. Petruccioli^1*

Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy,¹ Interuniversitary Consortium "Chemistry for the Environment," Venezia, Italy²

Received 27 May 2005/ Accepted 19 September 2005

Nine fungal strains isolated from an aged and heavily contaminated soil were identified and screened to assess their degradative potential. Among them, Allescheriella sp. strain DABAC 1, Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3, and Phlebia sp. strain DABAC 9 were selected for remediation trials on the basis of Poly R-478 decolorization associated with lignin-modifying enzyme (LME) production. These autochthonous fungi were tested for the abilities to grow under nonsterile conditions and to degrade various aromatic hydrocarbons in the same contaminated soil. After 30 days, fungal colonization was clearly visible and was confirmed by ergosterol determination. In spite of subalkaline pH conditions and the presence of heavy metals, the autochthonous fungi produced laccase and Mn and lignin peroxidases. No LME activities were detected in control microcosms. All of the isolates led to a marked removal of naphthalene, dichloroaniline isomers, o-hydroxybiphenyl, and 1,1'-binaphthalene. Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3 was the most effective isolate due to its ability to partially deplete the predominant contaminants 9,10-anthracenedione and 7H-benz[DE]anthracen-7-one. A release of chloride ions was observed in soil treated with either Allescheriella sp. strain DABAC 1 or Stachybotrys sp. strain DABAC 3, suggesting the occurrence of oxidative dehalogenation. The autochthonous fungi led to a significant decrease in soil toxicity, as assessed by both the Lepidium sativum L. germination test and the Collembola mortality test.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Dipartimento di Agrobiologia e Agrochimica, University of Tuscia, Via S. C. De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy. Phone: 39 0761 357332. Fax: 39 0761 357242. E-mail: petrucci{at}unitus.it

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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2006, p. 28-36, Vol. 72, No. 1
0099-2240/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/AEM.72.1.28-36.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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